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Apache HTTP Server Tutorial: .htaccess files
from Wikipedia
A .htaccess (hypertext access) file is a directory-level configuration file supported by several web servers,
used for configuration of site-access issues, such as URL redirection, URL shortening, Access-security control (for
different webpages and files), and more.
A site could have more than one .htaccess file, and the files are placed inside the web tree (i.e. inside
directories and their sub-directories), and hence their other name distributed configuration files.
.htaccess files acts as a subset of the server's global configuration file (like httpd.conf) for the directory that
they are in, or all sub-directories.
The original purpose of .htaccess—reflected in its name—was to allow per-directory access control by, for
example, requiring a password to access the content.
More commonly, however, the .htaccess files define or override many other configuration settings such as content type,
character set, CGI handlers, etc.
from Wikipedia
Official configuration from Apache
httpd.conf is a configuration file which is used by the Apache HTTP Server.
It is the file which apache server looks at for its different configuration properties .
Properties can be directly edited from the file using super user permissions.
The httpd.conf file can be located on any Unix-based system that complies with the Filesystem Hierarchy
Standard under the following path: /etc/httpd/httpd.conf.
This file, httpd.conf was once used in Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS).
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