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from Wikipedia
Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers to
inform, most likely to persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations.
As a subject of formal study and a productive civic practice, rhetoric has played a central role in the European
tradition.
Its best known definition comes from Aristotle, who considers it a counterpart of both logic and politics,
and calls it "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion."
Rhetorics typically provide heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for
particular situations, such as Aristotle's three persuasive audience appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos.
The five canons of rhetoric, which trace the traditional tasks in designing a persuasive speech, were first
codified in classical Rome: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery.
Along with grammar and logic (or dialectic—see Martianus Capella), rhetoric is one of the three ancient arts
of discourse.
From Ancient Greece to the late 19th century, it was a central part of Western education, filling the need to
train public speakers and writers to move audiences to action with arguments.
from Wikipedia
Latin is an old language that was spoken by the Romans and others during ancient and medieval times.
No one speaks Latin as a first language anymore, which makes it a dead language.
However, many people around the world study it in school and in other places because it is considered
important to understand the past societies and even how current languages work.
Latin is used today in taxonomy to give technical names to species and groups of species of living things.
Some terms used in medicine to name parts of the body (such as bones) and diseases are also written in Latin.
Since Latin was very important to Christianity through many centuries, it is still spoken today during some
religious activities such as prayers and cults.
For the same reason, it is considered official in Vatican, where the Pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church,
lives.
People in the Vatican sometimes communicate in Latin (if they have different mother tongues) and sometimes in
ceremonies.
Varieties
There were two types of Latin, Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin.
Classical Latin was the kind of Latin used by the educated Romans and is the one used by the Roman Catholic Church and
studied by many students around the world and Vulgar Latin was the more common spoken variety used by the
common non-educated Romans and the variety taught to the peoples conquered by the Romans.
Latin was the most important language in most of Europe in the Middle Ages.
It was taught in many European schools, and all universities used Latin as the teaching language.
Latin began to lose its importance in the Reformation, but it was still often used by authors of scientific books
and encyclopedias.
Until about 1900 many universities accepted dissertations written in Latin.
When people from other regions of Europe learned Vulgar Latin during Roman conquests, they did not speak and
write it correctly in most cases, and so in the course of time each of these regions developed its own language, that
is a simplified form of Latin.
Those languages are called Romance languages and they are still spoken to this day.
The five Romance languages with the largest number of speakers are Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian.
The Romance languages are very similar to each other, and speakers of one Romance language can understand
many words and sentences (in both texts and spoken conversations) from another Romance language.
For example, speakers of Portuguese can well understand Spanish.
It can be said that the Romance languages are modern dialects of Latin.
The National Archives
Introduction to reading medieval Latin documents
Latin was the official language of many documents written in England before 1733. This step-by-step beginners’ guide to
medieval Latin, created by our experts, will help you gain the necessary skills to read documents from this period.
This tutorial is a beginners' guide to the Latin used in documents between 1086 and 1733.
It is the first online tutorial to help you learn the Latin from this period.
Try our new Advanced Latin.
Trivium Education
Applying knowledge and understanding expressively comprises Wisdom or, in other words, it is systematically
useable knowledge and understanding– to explore and find the proper choice of methods for cogently expressing the
conclusions of grammar and logic on a subject in writing and/or oral argumentation (oratory).
The annunciation of those conclusions is called a statement of rationale, the set of instructions deduced
from the rationale for the purpose of application (of those conclusions) in the real world is called a statement of
protocols.
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